The Government Office for Science has published a new report which sets out a ‘best estimate’ of the technology mix needed in key emitting sectors to reach net zero by 2050, and identifies the research and development (R&D) needed to get there.

The Net Zero Technology Outlook offers an independent analysis of the technologies the UK must prioritise by 2050 to deliver on its net zero commitments. It works as a tool for policymakers and the research community, pinpointing where targeted R&D investment can have the greatest impact and accelerate progress.

By providing clear, evidence-based insights, the report can be used by decision-makers to make informed choices that will shape the UK’s net zero future.

Government Chief Scientific Adviser Professor Dame Angela McLean said: "The UK faces one of the most important challenges of our time – climate change – and we need brilliant ideas and innovations to help tackle it. The Net Zero Technology Outlook is our best estimate of the future when it comes to the technology, research and development needed to reach net zero. I hope policymakers and researchers alike will use this report as a guide for their work to help ensure the best possible outcome on our path towards that target."

The report covers 18 sub-sectors within five major emitting sectors: industry; transport; heat and buildings; agriculture, land use and waste; and power.

For each sub-sector, the uncertainty and current technology and market readiness level of technologies that might be part of the mix in 2050 have been assessed. Some sub-sectors include ‘wildcard’ technologies: novel and nascent technologies that are highly uncertain but potentially transformative.

The analysis drew on more than 20 interviews and a peer review exercise with around 45 experts from the research community, as well as input from relevant government departments. Relevant information from established scenario modelling, policy documents, and industry sources was also incorporated.

The report also sets out R&D challenges for three technology strands: greenhouse gas removals and carbon capture and storage, hydrogen and biomass. R&D needs for each sector are categorised by technology development, delivery and policy support.

To learn more about the technologies and R&D that will drive the UK towards its net zero target, read the full Net Zero Technology Outlook report.